From 2005: The EU
Introduction
A first-time visitor to Europe would soon realize that something called the
European Union (EU) exists but might not understand exactly what it is.
Signs at the airport in an EU member state (by far the majority of European states) would direct the visitor into the “Non-EU” line for inspection by national immigration officers (there are no EU immigration officers).
Once finished with border formalities, the visitor would need to change money. In twelve of the EU’s twenty-five member states the visitor would receive euro notes and coins but in the other member states would receive national currency.
Traveling around the country, the visitor would see the distinctive EU
flag (a circle of twelve gold stars set against a deep blue background) promi-
nently displayed. In the EU’s poorer regions, the visitor would notice signs adorned with the EU flag, proudly proclaiming that various infrastructural projects were being funded in part by the EU.
Staying within the territory of the EU, the visitor would be able to travel unimpeded across some, but not all, national borders.
A curious and discerning visitor would discover that national political
systems are alive and well in the EU, but that there is a complementary political system centered on Brussels, meaning in this case not the political capital of Belgium but the locus of EU policymaking.
National governments, parliaments, courts, and other bodies participate in the EU system, as do separate EU institutions such as the European Commission and the European Parliament. Further inquiry would reveal that a complex system of EU governance produces rules and regulations covering a host of policy areas ranging from agriculture to antitrust, the environment, immigration, and international development.
The visitor would soon realize that there is considerable variation
in the applicability and implementation of EU policy among the member
states
Introduction
Table 0.3 Joining the EU: What Needs to Be Negotiated
Chapter 1:
Free Movement of Goods
Chapter 2:
Free Movement for Persons
Chapter 3:
Freedom to Provide Services
Chapter 4:
Free Movement of Capital
Chapter 5:
Company Law
Chapter 6:
Competition Policy
Chapter 7:
Agriculture
Chapter 8:
Fisheries
Chapter 9:
Transport Policy
Chapter 10:
Taxation
Chapter 11:
Economic and Monetary Union
Chapter 12:
Statistics
Chapter 13:
Social Policy
Chapter 14:
Energy
Chapter 15:
Industrial Policy
Chapter 16:
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Chapter 17:
Science and Research
Chapter 18:
Education and Training
Chapter 19:
Telecommunications and Information
Chapter 20:
Culture and Audiovisual Policy
Chapter 21:
Regional Policy and Coordination
Chapter 22:
Environment
Chapter 23:
Consumers and Health Protection
Chapter 24:
Justice and Home Affairs
Chapter 25:
Customs Union
Chapter 26:
External Relations
Chapter 27:
Common Foreign and Security Policy
Chapter 28:
Financial Control
Chapter 29:
Finance and Budgetary Provisions
Chapter 30:
Institutions
Chapter 31:
Other
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