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**Hugh** · 12-01-2023, 15:46

Quote:

Originally Posted by Damien

There is a link to myocarditis in the under the 30s according to the yellow card reporting system but at the moment it's still statistically under the risk of developing it from the virus itself.

Some recent info on the GOV.UK site, giving some context re myocarditis.

https://www.gov.uk/government/public...-professionals

Quote:

Background
Background to myocarditis and pericarditis after COVID-19 vaccination and guidelines:

this is a very rare condition following vaccination (see the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency’s (MHRA) monthly summary for the latest data)

most patients who develop symptoms do so within a week of vaccination

patients who develop symptoms have usually been vaccinated with a mRNA vaccine (Pfizer/BioNTech or Moderna)

myocarditis and pericarditis following vaccination is usually mild or stable and patients typically recover fully without medical treatment

myocarditis – a very small number of those with this condition have been admitted to hospital. In 2 studies from the US significant left ventricular (LV) fibrosis has been described in a high percentage of those children admitted to hospital, with a small percentage of these having non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT)
- no long-term follow-up data is available yet on hospitalised patients
- diagnosis of myocarditis and pericarditis should follow published international guidelines
- the majority of cases appear to be mild and self-limiting; any acutely ill or unstable patients should be referred to hospital directly
- the long-term consequences of this condition secondary to vaccination are yet unknown, so any screening recommendations need to be balanced against the frequency and severity of the disease with the aim to prevent complications, in particular of myocarditis (arrhythmias, long term myocardial damage or heart failure)

Epidemiology
Myocarditis and pericarditis are both inflammatory conditions of the heart. The incidence of myocarditis is difficult to ascertain as most cases are mild and are often not well investigated. In one study from the UK, it was estimated that between 1998 and 2017, there were 36.5 per 100,000 NHS admissions with myocarditis, with the numbers increasing each year since 2004. In 2017, it was estimated that there were about 2,000 hospital admissions for myocarditis.

Overall, two-thirds of myocarditis cases were in men, and men were significantly younger (median age 33) compared to women. There are many different causes of myocarditis but the most common type of myocarditis is an acute lymphocytic myocarditis, often caused by viral infection.

Pericarditis is often a more benign condition and responds to treatment with anti-inflammatory medical treatment. In most cases, it has no long-term sequelae if treated promptly, but it can reoccur.

Post-COVID-19 vaccination
Reports of myocarditis and pericarditis following vaccination with COVID-19 vaccines have been received by the MHRA.

As of 23 November 2022, there have been 851 reports of myocarditis and 579 reports of pericarditis following the use of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine. There have been 251 reports of myocarditis and 149 reports of pericarditis following the use of the Moderna vaccine. Some cases have been reported following the use of the AstraZeneca vaccine but given the extensive use of AstraZeneca in the UK, these are thought to reflect the expected background incidence rate of myocarditis and pericarditis.

As of 23 November 2022, the overall reporting rate across all age groups for myocarditis following vaccination with the monovalent Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine was 10 reports per million doses; for pericarditis, it was 6 reports per million doses. For monovalent Moderna vaccine, the overall reporting rate for myocarditis was 14 reports per million doses; for pericarditis, it was 8 reports per million doses.

In those aged under 18 years, the reported rate for heart inflammation (myocarditis and pericarditis) was 13 per million first doses and 8 per million second doses of the monovalent Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine; these are lower than the reporting rates seen in young adults. There is currently insufficient data to calculate the reporting rate for third/booster doses. The monovalent Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine is recommended for use in this age group for the first and second doses.

It is important to note that Yellow Card data and similar vaccine surveillance data from other countries cannot be used to compare the safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines as many factors can influence reporting.