Conflict Zones are your friend, along with Resource Extraction Sites.
Both are great for earning money from combat, especially with a badass like the Vulture.
This is my general Vulture:
http://coriolis.io/outfit/vulture/24...BhrSwRmzuEA===
When in CZs etc., I tend to replace the Kill Warrant Scanner with more Chaff.
The Vulture doesn't have great power, so you need to compromise on something, and juggle priorities. I compromised on the Thrusters. (I don't count the D-rated Life Support or Sensors as compromises as I always go for that due to the reduction in mass).
Always go for the enemy's Power Plant, unless the ship is small. It may not be an instant kill any more when you get it to 0%, but it's still the best subsystem to target.
Conflict Zones: You need to go to the system panel (right) and find the tab that lets you choose a side to fight for. You will then see those ships go green and the others go red. Kill the red and collect combat bonds, then cash the bonds in at the local starport.
RES: You need to scan everyone and kill those that are Wanted. A Kill Warrant Scanner is handy for getting out of system bounties.
I think a recent update also added compromised nav beacons and other areas that are good for killing enemies and earning credits. I've not actually played in a month or more as I've been back on Destiny!
---------- Post added at 20:34 ---------- Previous post was at 20:33 ----------
Oh, but watch out for canopy breaches!
The Vulture is a killing machine... but it has a big and fragile canopy...