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Originally Posted by rdhw
pem & stuartbe:
You are arguing over different things, and you're both right in your separate ways.
In the beginning, there was only NetBIOS, and it was both (a) a LAN-only protocol, and (b) an API specification for networking, that applications and services could write to. The low-level protocol was layered on 802.2.
IBM and Microsoft developed the SMB protocol for file and print sharing, and layered it on top of NetBIOS.
As networking developed, the protocol and the API were split apart. The low-level protocol became known as NetBEUI, while the high-level API remained called NetBIOS.
NetBEUI was and is a LAN-only protocol, which relies on system-wide broadcasts for locating other nodes, and cannot be routed.
NetBIOS was then ported onto several other transport protocols besides NetBEUI. One of those was IPX/SPX in Netware environments. Another was TCP/IP. The NetBIOS port onto TCP/IP uses the well-known ports 135-139. This enables applications written to the NetBIOS API to communicate over any of the underlying transport protocols (NetBEUI, IPX/SPX, TCP/IP) without being aware of which protocol they are using.
Because Microsoft/IBM file and print shaing used SMB (now also known as CIFS), which was layered on top of NetBIOS, this meant that file and print sharing could occur over any of the underlying low-level protocols: all of them were supporting SMB via NetBIOS.
There is no reason why the Filesharing-SMB-NetBIOS-TCP/IP stack cannot be routed over the internet and support long-distance file and print sharing. By default all IP routers support this because the traffic is indistinguishable from all other IP traffic, apart from port numbers. The downside to this is that it exposes the entire NetBIOS interface of each PC to the internet, and the NetBIOS API had no security model.
With Win2K and XP, Microsoft ported the SMB/CIFS filesharing protocol (which does have an inbuilt security model) to a direct TCP/IP transport on port 445, eliminating the NetBIOS layer. For backward compatability with Win9x systems, they left the NetBIOS transport still enabled by default. The port 445 implementation is perfectly capable of long-haul connections over the internet.
So now, 2K and XP users can do filesharing by any of the following stacks:
SMB -> TCP/IP port 445 -> LAN & internet
SMB -> NetBIOS -> TCP/IP ports 135-139 -> LAN & internet
SMB -> NetBIOS -> IPX/SPX -> LAN only
SMB -> NetBIOS -> NetBEUI -> LAN only
NTL, and many other ISPs, have now blocked both 135-138 and 445, thus making MS filesharing impossible over the broadband connection. If you need to do MS-style filesharing over the internet, you should set up VPN servers/clients and use PPTP or L2TP as the transport over the broadband connection, which imposes another layer of security and authentication over these links.
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