Originally Posted by Theodoric
You need some definitions here.
If it's filtered, and you use the accepted definition of filtration, then all it will do is take out any particulate matter above a certain size.
If it's deionised then it will remove all ionic compounds such as sodium, magnesium, carbonate, chloride, sulphate and probably trace heavy metals, but not organic materials.
If you pass it through activated carbon it will remove a lot of the organics.
If you distil it, it should in theory, remove most things but something will be carried over as a slight amount of spray and also, I'd guess, any volatile organics plus any organics that can be steam distilled (aniline, for example, I think). Plus, it will soon absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere on standing.
I'm a bit vague about reverse osmosis but I think, offhand, that it should remove both ionic compounds and organics, but I stand ready to be corrected.
EDIT To head off any pedantic criticism from the likes of , oh, people like me, I realise that calling sodium ions etc compounds is wrong, wrong, wrong!
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